Scouring pads used in school cleaning possess distinct functional features based on their different colors and material hardness, catering to the diverse cleaning needs across various areas on campus:

1. White Scouring Pads:
   Function: Primarily used for polishing medium to soft flooring, such as tiles and marble, they can remove light stains and enhance the floor's glossiness.
   Characteristics: Relatively soft in texture, they do not damage delicate or highly polished surfaces, making them suitable for daily maintenance cleaning and waxing.

2. Red Scouring Pads:
   Function: Suitable for removing light scratches and stains, they provide an initial polishing treatment to the floor, imparting a preliminary sheen.
   Characteristics: With moderate hardness, falling between white and black pads, they are ideal for maintenance cleaning, especially in scenarios where daily usage marks need to be removed.

3. Black Scouring Pads:
   Function: Boasting strong abrasive power and wear resistance, they are used to remove stubborn stains, old wax layers, and surface coatings, making them suitable for heavy-duty cleaning and wax removal tasks.
   Characteristics: Relatively hard in texture, they are well-suited for initial deep cleaning and decontamination work, particularly effective in easily soiled areas such as cafeterias and playgrounds.

In addition to these specific functions, scouring pads also share several common characteristics and advantages:

1. Versatility: They are compatible with various types of floor scrubbers and waxing machines, making them easy to install and replace.
2. Durability: Made from wear-resistant materials, they maintain a long lifespan even with frequent use.
3. Eco-friendliness: Some high-end products are designed with environmental considerations, reducing the use of chemical cleaning agents and being environmentally friendly.
4. Cost-effectiveness: Proper use and maintenance can significantly enhance cleaning efficiency and reduce long-term cleaning costs.
5. Easy to Clean: They are easy to wash after use, dry quickly, minimize bacterial growth, and ensure campus hygiene and safety.

When selecting and using scouring pads, schools should plan their usage reasonably based on the floor material, cleaning degree, and frequency of specific areas to achieve optimal cleaning and maintenance results.